Genesis of thunderstorm ground enhancements
نویسندگان
چکیده
Proceeding from a stormy day of 22 September 2022, when 7 thunderstorm ground enhancements occurred (TGEs, 3 them very large), we perform an analysis the most important conditions, on which depend origination large particle fluxes in thunderous atmosphere. Among these conditions are near-surface electric field (NSEF), graupel fall, and lightning activity. We estimate intensity largest flux 1,25 mln gamma rays hitting each square meter surface Aragats with energy spectra extended up to 70 MeV. Only one TGE meets recover electron spectrum; fraction electrons energies above 10 MeV relative ray reaches 45%. By carefully examining demonstrate that lower dipole, accelerates electrons, is formed by main negative positively charged regions. The dipole decays fall coincides terminations (usually flash).
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical review
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0556-2813', '1538-4497', '1089-490X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.107.102003